Estimación de la digestibilidad del pasto a partir de la materia seca indigestible a lo largo de la estación de pastoreo

4 páginas, 3 tablas.-- Ponencia presentada a las XIX Jornadas Científicas de la Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia (Burgos, España, 1994).La determinación de la digestibilidad de los alimentos es el parámetro más utilizado como indicador de su valor nutritivo. Además, en el caso de los rumiantes en pastoreo, es una medida necesaria para estimar la ingestión, a partir de la excreción fecal. Uno de los métodos que se está desarrollando para la determinación de la digestibilidad de los alimentos en los rumiantes, es la utilización de la Materia Seca Indigestible (MSI) como marcador interno. En el presente trabajo se determinó la digestibilidad de un pasto a partir de la MSI presente en heces y extrusa, en 5 momentos durante la época estival: 29 junio al 3 julio (Pl), 20 julio al 24 julio (P2), 24-28 agosto (P3), 21-25 septiembre (P4), 19-23 octubre (P5). Las muestras de heces y extrusa se obtuvieron en un experimento en pastoreo, en el que se utilizaron 4 ovejas merinas provistas de arneses para la recogida de heces, y 3 ovejas, de la misma raza, provistas de una fístula esofágica. Para la determinación de la MSI de las heces y extrusas, las muestras se incubaron, en el rumen de 3 ovejas merinas provistas de una cánula ruminal, utilizando la técnica de las Bolsas de Nylon, durante 192h. Los coeficientes de digestibilidad obtenidos fueron diferentes en los distintos períodos estudiados (P<0.001). Los valores encontrados fueron de 56.4%, 70.5%, 78.4%, 68.1%, 63.4%, en los períodos Pl, P2, P3, P4, P5 respectivamente. El % de MSI, en las heces obtenidas en los períodos estudiados, no presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas, mientras que este efecto tuvo una marcada influencia sobre el % de MSI presente en las extrusas.Peer reviewe

Enseñando y aprendiendo online: experiencia práctica en el Grado en Ingeniería Informática

Durante el curso 2010-11 se puso en marcha el curso de adaptación al Grado en Ingeniería Informática en modalidad 100% online y semipresencial en la Universidad Europea de Madrid. Dados los buenos resultados obtenidos, se decidió ampliar gradualmente las asignaturas en estas modalidades con el fin de poder dar a nuestros estudiantes de Grado en Ingeniería Informática mayor flexibilidad al poder cursar cada asignatura en modalidad presencial, semipresencial u online según sus necesidades. El objetivo de este artículo es explicar la experiencia llevada a cabo en la Universidad para poner en marcha el grado en Ingeniería Informática en modalidad híbrida: qué acciones de análisis y diseño se llevaron a cabo, qué ocurrió durante el desarrollo del primer año de impartición y qué conclusiones se pueden extraer tras analizar los resultados obtenidos en las calificaciones y las encuestas y entrevistas realizadas a estudiantes y profesores. Por último se presentarán las mejoras propuestas para el presente curso.SUMMARY -- In the academic year 2010-2011, Universidad Europea de Madrid implemented the preparation course for upper division bachelor's degree in Computer Science Engineering in two new different study options: online and semi-campusbased( class schedules compatible with working hours). Given the good results obtained, the courses in these study options are being gradually incremented to the Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering, so we can offer more flexibility to our students. The aim of this paper in to show the experience carried out in the University in order to start up the Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering in hybrid study option: what analysis and design actions were carried out, what happened in this first year, and the results in grades, student feedback survey and interviews. Finally, the improvements suggested for the current year are presented.Peer Reviewe

Mobile Application Development Skills Set Aligned with the E-Cf Framework and Industry Needs

The number of mobile apps is continuously growing but development organisations are not sure of the good alignment of the skills of application developers with what the industry needs. A precise definition of the professional profile of the Mobile Application Developer (MAD) can help to better understand the needs of software development teams. This cooperation of several European organisations for analysing professional profile of MAD has led to a study of skills and competences resulting in a conceptual model with relevant characteristics: a) based on literature review, b) framed within the European standard e-Competence Framework, e-CF (EN16234) and the ESCO official labour classification and c) empirically validated with qualitative and quantitative data from many stakeholders in the field. This analysis might help to add homogeneity to talent management overcoming possible barriers for international mobility within EU as the concepts are taken from the EU reference models

One-pot co-crystallization of beta and pentasil nanozeolites for the direct conversion of a heavy reformate fraction into xylenes

[EN] Upgrading of the heavy reformate fraction (HR), containing mainly C9+ aromatics, is usually performed by dealkylation or by transalkylation with added benzene and/or toluene to obtain the more valuable xylenes. However, when the costs related to the use of benzene and toluene are considered, the one-step dealkylation/transalkylation of the C9+ alkylaromatics to xylenes becomes economically attractive. Thus, in a first step, ethylmethylbenzenes (EMB) will have to be dealkylated to toluene, which will then react with the trimethylbenzenes (TMB) present in the HR feed to produce xylenes by transalkylation. Medium pore zeolites will favor dealkylation, whereas large pore zeolites will be more adequate for carrying out the transalkylation reaction. In this work, we present the one-pot synthesis of beta-pentasil aggregates with tunable ratios of the large pore beta to the medium pore component. We show that the close proximity of the beta and pentasil nanocrystals obtained by one-pot co-crystallization synthesis, results in a highly efficient catalyst for the consecutive dealkylation/transalkylation process. The bifunctional catalyst based on the co-crystallized aggregate is more active and selective to xylenes than a catalyst based on a physical mixture of equivalent beta and pentasil nanozeolites synthesized following an analogous procedure. The small crystallite sizes of the co-crystallized zeolites provide the additional advantage of a lower deactivation rate as compared to a reference benchmark catalyst. Results are shown on both, model molecules and industrial HR feed.This work has been supported by Saudi Aramco, by the Spanish Government-MICINN through "Severo Ochoa" (SEV 2012-0267) and RTI2018-101033-B-I00, by the European Union through ERC-AdG-2014-671093 (SynCatMatch) and by the Ftmdacion Ramon Areces through a research contract of the "Life and Materials Science" program. We thank Belen Esparcia for technical assistance, and the Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV for their help in sample characterization.Margarit Benavent, VJ.; Portilla Ovejero, MT.; Navarro Villalba, MT.; Abudawoud, R.; Al-Zahrani, IM.; Shaikh, S.; Martínez, C.... (2019). One-pot co-crystallization of beta and pentasil nanozeolites for the direct conversion of a heavy reformate fraction into xylenes. Applied Catalysis A General. 581:11-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2019.05.014S112258

ICOS costimulation at the tumor site in combination with CTLA-4 blockade therapy elicits strong tumor immunity

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) blockade therapy is able to induce long-lasting antitumor responses in a fraction of cancer patients. Nonetheless, there is still room for improvement in the quest for new therapeutic combinations. ICOS costimulation has been underscored as a possible target to include with CTLA-4 blocking treatment. Herein, we describe an ICOS agonistic aptamer that potentiates T cell activation and induces stronger antitumor responses when locally injected at the tumor site in combination with anti-CTLA-4 antibody in different tumor models. Furthermore, ICOS agonistic aptamer was engineered as a bi-specific tumor-targeting aptamer to reach any disseminated tumor lesions after systemic injection. Treatment with the bi-specific aptamer in combination with CTLA-4 blockade showed strong antitumor immunity, even in a melanoma tumor model where CTLA-4 treatment alone did not display any significant therapeutic benefit. Thus, this work provides strong support for the development of combinatorial therapies involving anti-CTLA-4 blockade and ICOS agonist tumor-targeting agents

Evaluación de la maduración oseo-dentaria y erupción dentaria en pacientes con hipotiroidismo congénito

Se describen como uno de los aspectos odontológicos más significativos del hipotiroidismo congénito (HC)retraso en la formación corono-radicular y en la erupción de los dientes permanentes. Objetivo: evaluar si el diagnóstico y el tratamiento temprano de HC, permiten un proceso normal de crecimiento y desarrollo óseo, dentario, oclusal y funcional. Método: estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal e inferencial en niños de ambos sexos (n36) con HC. Se conformaron dos grupos de acuerdo al momento de inicio del tratamiento con levotiroxina: G1: antes del primer mes de vida (n24). G2: entre 30 días y un año de edad (n12). En ambos grupos se efectuó evaluación clínico-endocrinológica, clínico-odontológica y radiográfica para establecer la edad ósea y dentaria. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas Resultados.La secuencia eruptiva de los dientes permanentes fue normal en el 100% en G2 y en 83,33%de G1. El 58,82% de G1 y el 55,55% de G2 presentaron oclusión normal. Se observó oligodoncia en el 9,52% de G1 y el 8,33% de G2. Por otra parte, solo G1 presentó 16,66% de dientes supernumerarios En cuanto al análisis funcional, en ambos grupos 25% de los niños tuvieron respiración bucal, 66,66% respiración nasal y el 8,33% mixta; la deglución fue funcional en el 25% y disfuncional en el 75% de la muestra.En ambos grupos en las mujeres la edad ósea está más adelantada en relación a la cronológica y la dentaria que en el grupo de varones. Mientras que en ellos lo fue la edad dentaria En los varones de ambos grupos existe una tendencia ascendente considerando la edad ósea, cronológica y dentaria. En las mujeres, los valores menores correspondieron a la edad cronológica, seguida por la edad dentaria y ósea. Conclusión: el tratamiento temprano con terapia sustitutiva con levotiroxina en niños con HC, favorece el desarrollo normal de las estructuras oseodentarias, con características similares a las encontradas en niños sanos.Fil: Martínez, María Cecilia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes; Argentina.Fil: Damiani, Patricia María. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes "A"; Argentina.Fil: Tolcachir, Betina R. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes B. Argentina.Fil: Evjanian de Giménez, GIadys. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes Área Odontopediatría; Argentina.Fil: Varela de Villalba, Teresa Beatriz. Escuela de Posgrado. Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Argentina.Fil: Villalba, Silvina Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes "A"; Argentina.Fil: Rubial, María Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Ortodoncía A; Argentina.Fil: Rugani, Marta Leonor. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra integral niños y adolescentes A; Argentina.Fil: Giménez, Enrique Daniel. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Diagnóstico por Imágenes A; Argentina.Fil: Mira, M. Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; Argentina.Fil: Martín, S. Servicio de Endocrinología del Hospital de Niños de la Santísima Trinidad; Argentina.Fil: Lescano de Ferrer, Alfonsina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Odontología. Cátedra de Integral Niños y Adolescentes Área Odontopediatría; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Inhibition of Gastric Lipase as a Mechanism for Body Weight and Plasma Lipids Reduction in Zucker Rats Fed a Rosemary Extract Rich in Carnosic Acid

BACKGROUND: Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) extracts (REs) exhibit hepatoprotective, anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory properties and are widely used in the food industry. REs are rich in carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol which may be responsible for some of the biological activities of REs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of lipase activity in the gut may be a mechanism by which a RE enriched in CA (40%) modulates body weight and lipids levels in a rat model of metabolic disorders and obesity. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: RE was administered for 64 days to lean (fa/+) and obese (fa/fa) female Zucker rats and body weight, food intake, feces weight and blood biochemical parameters were monitored throughout the study. Lipase activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylbutyrate) was measured in the gastrointestinal tract at the end of the study and the contents of CA, carnosol and methyl carnosate were also determined. Sub-chronic administration of RE moderately reduced body weight gain in both lean and obese animals but did not affect food intake. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and insulin levels were also markedly decreased in the lean animals supplemented with RE. Importantly, lipase activity was significantly inhibited in the stomach of the RE-supplemented animals where the highest content of intact CA and carnosol was detected. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that long-term administration of RE enriched in CA moderates weight gain and improves the plasma lipids profile, primarily in the lean animals. Our data also suggest that these effects may be caused, at least in part, by a significant inhibition of gastric lipase and subsequent reduction in fat absorption

Study of the production of charged pions, kaons, and protons in pPb collisions at √SNN=5.02 TeV

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May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Effectiveness of an intervention for improving drug prescription in primary care patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy:Study protocol of a cluster randomized clinical trial (Multi-PAP project)

This study was funded by the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias ISCIII (Grant Numbers PI15/00276, PI15/00572, PI15/00996), REDISSEC (Project Numbers RD12/0001/0012, RD16/0001/0005), and the European Regional Development Fund ("A way to build Europe").Background: Multimorbidity is associated with negative effects both on people's health and on healthcare systems. A key problem linked to multimorbidity is polypharmacy, which in turn is associated with increased risk of partly preventable adverse effects, including mortality. The Ariadne principles describe a model of care based on a thorough assessment of diseases, treatments (and potential interactions), clinical status, context and preferences of patients with multimorbidity, with the aim of prioritizing and sharing realistic treatment goals that guide an individualized management. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a complex intervention that implements the Ariadne principles in a population of young-old patients with multimorbidity and polypharmacy. The intervention seeks to improve the appropriateness of prescribing in primary care (PC), as measured by the medication appropriateness index (MAI) score at 6 and 12months, as compared with usual care. Methods/Design: Design:pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial. Unit of randomization: family physician (FP). Unit of analysis: patient. Scope: PC health centres in three autonomous communities: Aragon, Madrid, and Andalusia (Spain). Population: patients aged 65-74years with multimorbidity (≥3 chronic diseases) and polypharmacy (≥5 drugs prescribed in ≥3months). Sample size: n=400 (200 per study arm). Intervention: complex intervention based on the implementation of the Ariadne principles with two components: (1) FP training and (2) FP-patient interview. Outcomes: MAI score, health services use, quality of life (Euroqol 5D-5L), pharmacotherapy and adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green, Haynes-Sackett), and clinical and socio-demographic variables. Statistical analysis: primary outcome is the difference in MAI score between T0 and T1 and corresponding 95% confidence interval. Adjustment for confounding factors will be performed by multilevel analysis. All analyses will be carried out in accordance with the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: It is essential to provide evidence concerning interventions on PC patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity, conducted in the context of routine clinical practice, and involving young-old patients with significant potential for preventing negative health outcomes. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02866799Publisher PDFPeer reviewe